27^th International Diabetes and Healthcare Conference

The concept of restricting dietary fat intake for body weight reduction is changed since 1920. When multidrug resistant epileptic patients used ketogenic diet as a non-pharmacological therapeutic option for epilepsy control and a concomitant weight reduction was statistically proved. Ketogenic Diet (KD) entails high fat, low carbohydrates and controlled protein consumption. This ketotic state can be also pharmacologically induced with the consumption of ketone salts/esters and consequently provide a source of ketone bodies without fasting or adherence to ketogenic diet. The reviewed randomized controlled trials and meta-analytic studies in literature demonstrated an expanding role of KD in various other adult neurological disorders including Parkinsonism, Alzheimer’s disease, sleep and cognitive disorders. The pleotropic anti-seizure,

antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neurotropic actions of ketone bodies were suggested by authors besides their metabolic advantages. Thus, in one hand KD is considered as a dietary therapeutic option while on the other hand various adverse effects were reported. The long-term adverse effects of KD consumption were hepatic steatosis, renal stones and hypoproteinemia and vitamin deficiencies. These necessitate adequate patient selection, monitoring until reaching the ideal body weight and gradual shift to normal dietary caloric

consumption when needed.